Glossary of Arbitration, Mediation, and ODR Terms

Welcome to our glossary, where we provide definitions for key terms and concepts related to arbitration, mediation, and online dispute resolution (ODR). This resource is designed to help you better understand the terminology commonly used in the field of dispute resolution.

Arbitration Terms:

1. Arbitration: A dispute resolution process where a neutral third party, the arbitrator, makes a binding decision on a dispute.
2. Arbitration Award: The final decision made by the arbitrator, which is legally binding on the parties.
3. Arbitration Clause: A provision in a contract that stipulates that disputes arising from the contract will be resolved through arbitration.
4. Enforceability: The ability to make the arbitration award legally binding and enforce it in court.
5. Impartiality: The quality of being unbiased and treating all parties fairly in the arbitration process.

Mediation Terms:

6. Mediation: A collaborative dispute resolution process where a neutral mediator facilitates communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to reach a mutually acceptable solution.
7. Mediator: The neutral third party responsible for guiding the mediation process without imposing a decision.
8. Agreement to Mediate: A document signed by the parties indicating their commitment to engage in the mediation process.
9. Confidentiality: The principle that discussions and information shared during mediation are kept private.
10. Mutually Agreed Solution: The resolution reached by the parties involved in mediation with the assistance of the mediator.

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Terms:

11. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR): The process of using digital technology to resolve disputes online, eliminating the need for in-person interactions.
12. ODR Platform: A digital platform or website that facilitates the ODR process, offering tools for communication, documentation, and resolution.
13. E-Mediator: A mediator who specializes in conducting mediations online, using ODR platforms.
14. Digital Evidence: Information presented in electronic form, such as emails, chat logs, or digital documents, used in ODR proceedings.
15. Cross-Border ODR: ODR processes designed to resolve international or cross-border disputes, often involving parties from different countries.

Additional Terms:

16. Enforcement of Awards: The process of legally recognizing and enforcing arbitration awards in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction.
17. Binding vs. Non-Binding: Refers to whether the decision reached through arbitration or mediation is legally enforceable (binding) or not (non-binding).
18. ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution): A collective term encompassing arbitration, mediation, and other non-litigation methods for resolving disputes.

Legal Terms:

19. Jurisdiction: The authority of a court or arbitration panel to hear and decide on a case based on its geographic location or subject matter.
20. Arbitration Agreement: A written contract between parties stipulating their intent to resolve disputes through arbitration.
21. Mediation Agreement: A document signed by parties consenting to engage in mediation, outlining the mediator’s role and the process.
22. ADR Clause: An alternative dispute resolution clause in a contract, specifying the method to be used in case of a dispute.
23. Settlement Agreement: A binding document outlining the terms and conditions agreed upon by parties in mediation, often used to resolve legal disputes.

Conflict Resolution Strategies:

24. Negotiation: The process of discussing and bargaining with the aim of reaching a mutually satisfactory agreement.
25. Facilitation: A neutral party assisting groups or teams in making decisions and resolving conflicts without imposing solutions.
26. Restorative Justice: A concept that focuses on repairing harm caused by wrongdoing and restoring relationships, often used in criminal justice contexts.

Case-Specific Terms:

27. Claimant: The party initiating a dispute resolution process, such as arbitration or mediation.
28. Respondent: The party against whom a claim is made in a dispute resolution process.

ADR Organizations:

29. ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) Arbitration: A prominent international arbitration institution that administers arbitration cases worldwide.
30. AAA (American Arbitration Association): A major ADR provider in the United States, offering arbitration and mediation services.

Terms in Legal Systems:

Common Law: A legal system based on case law and precedents developed through judicial decisions.

Civil Law: A legal system based on codified laws and statutes, prevalent in many European countries.

Arbitral Tribunal: The collective term for the arbitrator or panel of arbitrators appointed to decide on a dispute in arbitration.

Mediation Caucus: A private meeting held during mediation between the mediator and one of the parties to discuss issues and interests confidentially.

Expert Determination: A dispute resolution process involving a neutral expert who makes a binding decision based on their specialized knowledge in a particular field.

Facilitative Mediation: A mediation style where the mediator primarily guides communication and negotiation between the parties, allowing them to find their own solutions.

Transformative Mediation: A mediation style focused on empowering parties to improve their communication and relationships, with resolution seen as a byproduct of this transformation.

ODR Provider: An entity or platform that offers online dispute resolution services, facilitating communication, document sharing, and resolution for online disputes.

Multi-Tiered Dispute Resolution: An approach that includes multiple steps for resolving disputes, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration, with each step used if the prior one is unsuccessful.

Hybrid ADR: The combination of different forms of alternative dispute resolution, such as mediation-arbitration (med-arb), to provide flexibility in the resolution process.

Conflicts of Laws: Legal principles and rules used to determine which jurisdiction’s laws apply to cross-border disputes.

UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law): A United Nations body that plays a key role in harmonizing and modernizing international trade law and dispute resolution.

Settlement Conference: A formal meeting during litigation where parties and their attorneys discuss potential settlement terms before going to trial.

Pendulum Arbitration: An arbitration technique where an arbitrator hears parties separately and decides the dispute by choosing one party’s proposed award or another’s.

Compliance with Awards: The act of abiding by the decision made in an arbitration award or mediated settlement agreement.

Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): A treaty between two countries that aims to protect foreign investments and often includes provisions for international arbitration to resolve disputes.

Tripartite Agreement: An agreement between three parties, such as a contract that includes an arbitration clause, specifying the use of arbitration to resolve potential disputes.

Cross-Examination: The process in arbitration where one party questions the opposing party’s witnesses to challenge their credibility and accuracy.

Expert Witness: A qualified professional who provides specialized knowledge or opinions relevant to the dispute, often called upon in arbitration proceedings.

Party-Appointed Arbitrator: An arbitrator selected by each party in a dispute to represent their interests and viewpoints in the arbitration panel.

Panel of Arbitrators: A group of arbitrators chosen to decide on a dispute, typically consisting of a chairperson and party-appointed arbitrators.

Voir Dire: The process of questioning potential arbitrators to ensure they are impartial, qualified, and suitable for the dispute.

Ex Parte Communications: Communication between one party and an arbitrator without the knowledge or presence of the other party, generally discouraged to maintain impartiality.

Pro Se: Representing oneself in an arbitration or legal proceeding without legal counsel.

Appellate Arbitration: An arbitration process that allows for a limited review or appeal of the arbitration award.

Legal Costs (Costs of Proceedings): The expenses incurred in an arbitration, including legal fees, arbitration fees, and other related costs.

Fast-Track Arbitration: An expedited arbitration process often used for simpler or lower-value disputes, designed to provide quicker resolutions.

Notice of Arbitration: A formal document that initiates the arbitration process, outlining the dispute, the parties involved, and the relief sought.

Enforcement of Arbitration Award: The process of securing the legal recognition and enforcement of an arbitration award in the relevant jurisdiction.

Mediation Agreement: A written contract between the parties and the mediator that establishes the terms and conditions of the mediation process.

Caucus Mediation: A mediation process where the mediator meets separately with each party to discuss issues and explore potential solutions privately.

ADR Clause (Alternative Dispute Resolution Clause): A contractual provision that specifies the use of arbitration, mediation, or other ADR methods in case of a dispute.

Pre-Mediation: Preparation and preliminary meetings before the formal mediation process begins to set expectations and discuss the process.

Cross-Cultural Mediation: Mediation conducted with parties from different cultures, often requiring a mediator with cultural sensitivity.

Outcome Document: A written agreement, often referred to as a memorandum of understanding (MOU) or settlement agreement, detailing the terms and conditions agreed upon in mediation.

ODR Platform: A digital platform or system used to facilitate online dispute resolution, providing communication tools and document sharing for resolving disputes remotely.

Binding ODR: Online dispute resolution processes that result in legally binding decisions or agreements.

Neutrality of the ODR Provider: The impartiality of the ODR platform or service provider to ensure fair and balanced resolution of disputes.

Online Mediation: Mediation conducted through digital platforms and tools, allowing parties to resolve disputes without the need for physical meetings.

Digital Case File: The electronic collection of documents and evidence related to an ODR case, often stored securely on the ODR platform.

Cybersecurity: The measures and practices aimed at protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data and information within ODR platforms.

Ombudsman: A neutral third party employed by organizations or institutions to handle disputes and provide informal conflict resolution services.

Adjudication: A structured dispute resolution process, often used in construction and contractual disputes, where a third party makes binding decisions on issues in dispute.

Adjudicator: The neutral party responsible for rendering decisions in the adjudication process, typically with expertise in the relevant field.

Adjudication Agreement: A contractual provision stipulating the use of adjudication for resolving disputes arising from a contract.

Med-Arb (Mediation-Arbitration): A hybrid dispute resolution process where parties first attempt mediation, and if unsuccessful, the mediator becomes an arbitrator and renders a binding decision.

Expert Determination: A dispute resolution method where a neutral expert in a specific field is engaged to make a binding decision based on their expertise.

Negotiated Settlement: A resolution reached by the parties through negotiations, often in a non-adversarial manner without the involvement of a third party.

Advisory Opinion: A non-binding opinion provided by a third party, such as a mediator or expert, to help parties understand the merits of their dispute.

ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) Organization: An entity that specializes in providing ADR services, including arbitration, mediation, and other methods.

Compliance Officer: A professional responsible for ensuring that parties adhere to the terms of a mediated settlement agreement or arbitration award.

Full and Final Settlement: A resolution that completely resolves all issues and claims between the parties, preventing any further disputes on the same matter.

Private Judging: A process where parties agree to have their dispute heard and decided by a retired judge or legal expert in a private, confidential setting.

ADR Rules: Established guidelines and procedures provided by ADR organizations and institutions to govern dispute resolution processes.

Cross-Border Mediation: Mediation conducted across international borders, often involving parties from different countries and addressing transnational disputes.

Mediation Training: Educational programs and courses designed to train individuals in the skills and techniques required to become effective mediators.

Commercial Mediation: Mediation specifically focused on resolving commercial or business-related disputes, including contract, partnership, and shareholder conflicts.

Mediation in Divorce: Mediation used to facilitate divorce and separation agreements, enabling couples to make decisions about property division, child custody, and spousal support.

Community Mediation: Mediation services provided at the community level to resolve disputes among individuals, neighbors, or community groups.

Restorative Mediation: Mediation that emphasizes repairing harm caused by wrongdoing and restoring relationships, often applied in the criminal justice system.

Mediation Ethics: A set of principles and guidelines governing the conduct of mediators to ensure professionalism, impartiality, and fairness.

ADR Advocacy: The representation and advocacy of a party’s interests during ADR processes, such as arbitration, mediation, or negotiation.

Neutrality Agreement: A written commitment by mediators or arbitrators to remain neutral and impartial throughout the dispute resolution process.

Parenting Plan: An agreement created through mediation or negotiation that outlines child custody, visitation schedules, and parental responsibilities.

Cross-Cultural Arbitration: Arbitration involving parties from diverse cultural backgrounds, often necessitating arbitrators with cultural sensitivity.

Interim Award: A preliminary or partial decision made by an arbitrator during the arbitration process, often addressing specific issues before a final award is issued.

Expedited Arbitration: A streamlined arbitration process designed for swift resolution, commonly employed for simple or low-value disputes.

Ad Hoc Arbitration: Arbitration conducted without affiliation to a specific arbitration institution, with parties choosing their own rules and procedures.

International Investment Arbitration: Arbitration specifically aimed at resolving disputes between states and foreign investors, often governed by investment treaties.

Preliminary Hearing: A meeting conducted in arbitration to discuss procedural matters, clarify issues, and set the course for the arbitration process.

Provisional Measures: Interim orders or decisions made by an arbitrator or arbitral tribunal to protect the rights or interests of the parties during the arbitration.

Chamber of Commerce Arbitration: Arbitration administered by a local or international chamber of commerce, providing rules and administrative support for the arbitration process.

International Treaty: A formal and legally binding agreement between two or more countries, often covering a range of issues including trade, peace, and dispute resolution.

UNCITRAL Model Law: The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law’s model law that provides a framework for international commercial arbitration legislation, widely adopted by countries worldwide.

Seat of Arbitration: The physical location where the arbitration proceedings are held, often chosen in the arbitration agreement and used to determine the applicable laws and jurisdiction.

Ex Parte Award: An arbitration award issued when one party participates in the process, but the other party refuses or fails to do so.

Transparency in Arbitration: The principle that arbitration proceedings should be conducted in an open and transparent manner, allowing for the publication of certain documents and information.

Mediation Center: An organization or facility that provides mediation services, often staffed with trained mediators.

Mediation Ethics Code: A set of ethical standards and guidelines that mediators adhere to during mediation processes to ensure fairness and professionalism.

Arbitration Institution: An organization or body that administers and facilitates arbitration proceedings, providing rules, guidelines, and administrative support.

Conciliation: A form of alternative dispute resolution similar to mediation, where a neutral third party helps parties reach an agreement, often used in international disputes.

Stand-Alone Mediation: A mediation process conducted independently of other legal or dispute resolution processes, designed to address specific issues.

Professional Mediation Association: An organization that brings together mediators, offers training, and sets ethical standards to promote professionalism in the field.

Digital Signature: A secure and encrypted electronic signature used in online dispute resolution to confirm the authenticity of documents and agreements.

Binding Mediation: A type of mediation where the mediator’s proposed settlement is binding on the parties if they agree to the terms.

Mediation Clause: A provision in a contract or agreement specifying that any disputes will be subject to mediation before litigation or arbitration.

Voluntary Mediation: Mediation in which parties participate willingly and are not compelled by law or contract to engage in the process.

Private Dispute Resolution: An approach to resolving disputes outside of the court system, often through arbitration or mediation.

Neutral Evaluation: A process where a third party provides an opinion on the strengths and weaknesses of a case, helping parties assess their positions.

Impartial Expert: A neutral individual with specialized knowledge in a specific field who is engaged to provide expert opinions and recommendations in dispute resolution processes.

Early Neutral Evaluation: An ADR process where an impartial third party assesses the merits and potential outcomes of a dispute early in the litigation process, helping parties make informed decisions.

Ombuds Office: An organizational department or individual that offers confidential dispute resolution services, often within institutions or corporations.

Reciprocal Enforcement: The process of ensuring that arbitration awards and mediated settlement agreements can be recognized and enforced across different jurisdictions.

Mediation Caucus: A private meeting held during mediation between the mediator and one party, allowing for confidential discussions and strategy planning.

Neutral Analysis: An objective and impartial evaluation of a dispute or its merits, typically performed by an impartial third party or expert.

Dispute Review Board: A panel of experts appointed to assess and provide recommendations on disputes that may arise during the construction process, helping parties avoid formal arbitration or litigation.

Court-Annexed Mediation: Mediation that takes place within the court system, often ordered by a judge to explore settlement options before litigation.

Elder Mediation: A specialized form of mediation focused on resolving conflicts related to the elderly, such as family disputes over care and estate matters.

Restorative Justice Circle: A form of restorative justice where participants sit in a circle to discuss harm, responsibility, and resolution in a collaborative manner.

Mediation in Special Education: Mediation services aimed at resolving disputes between parents and educational institutions regarding special education services for students with disabilities.

Integrated Conflict Management System (ICMS): A systematic approach within organizations to manage and resolve conflicts effectively and proactively.

Collective Bargaining Mediation: Mediation used in labor negotiations to help labor unions and employers reach collective bargaining agreements.

Transnational Mediation: Mediation conducted to resolve international disputes that cross national boundaries, often involving multiple parties and complex issues.

Multi-Door Courthouse: A courthouse or legal system that offers various dispute resolution services, including mediation and arbitration, to provide parties with diverse options for resolving disputes.

Environmental Mediation: A form of mediation designed to address disputes related to environmental issues, such as pollution, land use, and resource management.

Child Custody Mediation: Mediation services that focus on helping parents reach agreements on child custody, visitation, and parenting plans during and after divorce or separation.

Online Arbitration: Arbitration proceedings conducted entirely through digital platforms, eliminating the need for physical presence.

Arbitration Rules: The set of guidelines and procedures that govern the conduct of arbitration proceedings, often provided by arbitration institutions.

Soft Law: Non-binding legal principles and guidelines that can influence behavior and serve as a reference in dispute resolution.

Security for Costs: A financial deposit or guarantee required by the tribunal to cover the costs of the arbitration for one or both parties.

Interim Measures: Temporary orders or decisions issued by the tribunal to protect parties’ rights and interests during arbitration.

Summary Arbitration: A streamlined arbitration process for resolving straightforward disputes with minimal procedural complexities.

Emergency Arbitrator: An arbitrator appointed to address urgent issues and provide interim measures before the full arbitration tribunal is formed.

Mediation Settlement Agreement: A legally binding agreement reached in mediation, outlining the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.

Ombudsman Process: The process where an ombudsman receives, investigates, and facilitates the resolution of complaints or disputes within an organization.

Conciliation Board: A panel or board established to address and mediate disputes between parties, commonly used in labor and employment disputes.

Cross-Cultural ODR: Online dispute resolution processes conducted in a cross-cultural context, often requiring sensitivity to cultural differences.

Public Policy Exception: A provision in arbitration law allowing a court to refuse to enforce an arbitration award if it violates the public policy of the jurisdiction.

Shadow Arbitration: A process where parties engage in a mock arbitration before their actual case to test arguments and strategies.

Jurisprudence: The body of law created through court decisions, often used as a reference in legal and dispute resolution contexts.

Settlement Conference: A meeting, often court-ordered, where parties and their attorneys discuss potential settlement terms before litigation.

Advocacy in Arbitration: The representation of parties’ interests during the arbitration process by legal counsel or an advocate.

Joint Fact-Finding: A process where parties work together with a neutral expert to gather and evaluate facts and evidence in complex disputes.

Declaratory Award: An arbitration award that provides a determination or declaration of rights without granting specific remedies or damages.

UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules: The rules and procedures established by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) for the conduct of international arbitration.

Online Arbitration Agreement: A contract or agreement that specifies the use of online arbitration for resolving disputes, often associated with e-commerce and digital transactions.

ODR Service Provider: An organization or platform that offers online dispute resolution services, facilitating communication, documentation, and resolution for online disputes.

Hybrid Arbitration: A dispute resolution process that combines elements of both arbitration and mediation, allowing for flexibility and alternative solutions.

Arbitral Tribunal Secretary: A professional who assists the arbitral tribunal with administrative tasks, record-keeping, and non-substantive matters during arbitration.

Mediation Skills: The set of interpersonal and negotiation skills used by mediators to facilitate communication and negotiation between parties in conflict.

Binding Mediation Agreement: A written agreement specifying that the outcome of mediation is legally binding, typically used for certain commercial disputes.

Grievance Mediation: A mediation process used to address grievances or disputes within an organization, often related to employment issues.

International Trade Mediation: Mediation services designed to resolve cross-border trade disputes, such as disagreements between importers and exporters.

Mediation Certification: Formal recognition that an individual has completed training and met the requirements to be a certified mediator.

Adjudication Panel: A group of adjudicators or experts chosen to decide on disputes through adjudication, commonly used in construction and engineering contracts.

Statutory Arbitration: Arbitration required by law or statute to resolve specific types of disputes, often found in consumer and employment agreements.

Investor-State Arbitration: A type of arbitration that enables foreign investors to bring claims against a host state, often based on international investment treaties.

ODR Platform Certification: Official recognition that an online dispute resolution platform meets certain standards and requirements for quality and security.

Interim Relief: Temporary measures, such as injunctions or restraining orders, issued during arbitration to prevent harm or protect rights.

Provisional Award: A preliminary or temporary decision made by an arbitrator on specific issues in dispute, often used to address urgent matters.

Multi-Party Mediation: Mediation involving multiple parties, often requiring a skilled mediator to facilitate communication and reach agreements.

Pro Se Mediation: Mediation in which parties represent themselves without the assistance of legal counsel.

Mediation Research: Academic or practical research focused on mediation processes, effectiveness, and outcomes.

Court-Connected Mediation: Mediation services provided within the framework of the court system, often initiated or ordered by a judge.

Specialized Mediation: Mediation services tailored to address specific types of disputes or industries, such as healthcare, environmental, or family mediation.

Workplace Mediation: A form of mediation used to resolve conflicts and disputes within the workplace, including employee-employer disputes and workplace harassment cases.

Online Mediation Platform: A digital platform or website that facilitates online mediation services, offering tools for communication, document sharing, and resolution for remote disputes.

Blended Dispute Resolution: A combination of different dispute resolution methods, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration, employed based on the circumstances of a particular case.

Emergency Mediation: An expedited mediation process designed for urgent disputes, often requiring quick resolution, such as in family or business emergencies.

Mediation Settlement Conference: A formal meeting within the mediation process where parties and their mediators discuss and draft a settlement agreement.

Binding Mediation Agreement: An agreement stipulating that the outcome of mediation is legally binding, commonly used in commercial, contract, or family disputes.

Online Mediation Ethics: A set of ethical standards and guidelines that mediators follow during online mediation to ensure fairness, professionalism, and confidentiality.

Mediation of International Conflicts: Mediation services aimed at resolving conflicts and disputes between nations, often involving diplomatic efforts and international organizations.

Cross-Cultural Mediation Training: Educational programs that prepare mediators to handle cross-cultural conflicts and understand cultural differences and sensitivities.

Ombudsman’s Role: The duties and responsibilities of an ombudsman, which include receiving and investigating complaints, facilitating conflict resolution, and ensuring fairness.

Arbitration Seat Agreement: An agreement specifying the physical location where arbitration proceedings will be held, often chosen in the arbitration clause.

Video Conference Arbitration: Arbitration proceedings conducted through video conferencing, allowing remote participation and witness testimony.

Mediation Outcome: The result of mediation, typically recorded in a written agreement that outlines the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.

Expedited Arbitration Procedure: An accelerated arbitration process designed to provide quick resolution, often employed for simple or low-value disputes.

Hybrid Arbitration-Mediation: A dispute resolution process that combines elements of both arbitration and mediation, allowing parties to explore settlement before a binding decision.

Mediation Advocacy: The representation of parties’ interests by legal counsel or an advocate during mediation, aiming to ensure a fair and favorable outcome.

Confidentiality in Mediation: The fundamental principle that discussions, information, and documents shared during mediation should remain private and not be disclosed to external parties.

Mediation for Public Disputes: A specialized form of mediation used to resolve disputes and conflicts with a significant impact on the public, often involving government agencies, environmental issues, or community disputes.

Facilitative Arbitration: An arbitration approach where the arbitrator plays a more facilitative role, encouraging parties to reach a mutually agreeable solution rather than imposing a binding decision.

Arbitration Institute: A specialized organization or institution that offers arbitration services, administers cases, and provides resources for parties and arbitrators.

Impartiality in Arbitration: The requirement that arbitrators remain unbiased, objective, and treat all parties fairly throughout the arbitration process.

Dispute System Design: The structured development and organization of processes and procedures for managing and resolving disputes within organizations or systems.

Pre-Arbitration Consultation: A preliminary meeting or discussion between parties and arbitrators before formal arbitration proceedings to set expectations and address procedural matters.

Community Mediation Center: An organization or center that provides mediation services to community members for addressing disputes and conflicts in local settings.

Court-Annexed Arbitration: Arbitration procedures associated with the court system, where judges may refer cases to arbitration to encourage settlements before trial.

Arbitration Pre-Hearing Conference: A meeting before the arbitration hearing where parties, arbitrators, and attorneys discuss and clarify issues, evidence, and procedural matters.

Mini-Trial: A structured dispute resolution process where parties present abbreviated versions of their cases to senior decision-makers for evaluation and settlement discussions.

Pro Bono Mediation: Mediation services provided voluntarily and without charge by trained mediators to individuals who cannot afford to pay for dispute resolution.

Mediation Support Services: Ancillary services, such as interpreters or technology support, provided during mediation to ensure effective communication and problem-solving.

Restorative Justice Mediation: Mediation processes focused on repairing harm caused by wrongdoing, facilitating victim-offender dialogues, and promoting reconciliation.

Arbitration in Construction: Arbitration used to resolve disputes in the construction industry, often conducted by experienced arbitrators with knowledge of construction practices.

Virtual Reality Arbitration: A cutting-edge arbitration method where participants engage in arbitration proceedings using virtual reality technology and environments.

Mediation Training Certification: Formal recognition that an individual has successfully completed mediation training and met the requirements to be a certified mediator.

Interest-Based Mediation: A mediation approach where parties focus on their underlying interests and needs, rather than their positions, to seek mutually beneficial solutions.

We believe that this extended glossary continues to enrich your understanding of the terminology associated with arbitration, mediation, online dispute resolution, and various alternative dispute resolution methods. If you have additional terms or concepts to be defined or require further explanations, please do not hesitate to reach out to us for assistance.